The Hindu Opinion Article (Rural India, the new viral flash point) – Jun 17, 2020

The initial misplaced optimism that India is somehow protected from the COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be illusory,… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-2 for The Hindu Opinion Article (Rural India, the new viral flash point) – Jun 17, 2020.

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Today’s Advanced Word List 2 For The Hindu Opinion Article (Rural India, the new viral flash point) – Jun 17, 2020:

1. flash point (noun) – a situation where sudden problems could happen.
2. lockdown (noun) – an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority.
3. in one go (phrase) – in one attempt.
4. pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
5. asynchronous (adjective) – not existing at the same time.
6. misplaced (adjective) – misguided, ill-advised, ill-judged.
7. optimism (noun) – hopefulness, confidence, positiveness.
8. illusory (adjective) – imaginary, fancied, unreal.
9. blight (noun) – affliction, trouble, scourge, plague.
10. workforce (noun) – workers, employees.
11. cite (verb) – refer to, adduce, make reference to, invoke.
12. epicentre (noun) – the main point of unpleasant or problematic situation.
13. epidemic (noun) – widespread disease/illness; outbreak, plague, scourge.
14. overwhelm (verb) – overload, engulf, swamp/flood; overburden, beset.
15. domain (noun) – area, sector/section, region.
16. fury (noun) – severity, intensity, strength, power.
17. relatively (adverb) – comparatively, to a certain extent, somewhat.
18. underexpose (verb) – expose insufficiently.
19. vulnerable (adjective) – relating to a weak/neglected person who is in need of special care/support.
20. the heat (noun) – pressure.
21. feel the heat (phrase) – to face a painful situation.
22. pervasive (adjective) – common, general, widespread, prevalent, ubiquitous, omnipresent.
23. casualty (noun) – victim, fatality, mortality. 
24. relaxation (noun) – moderation, modification (of a rule less strict).
25. set the stage for (phrase) – prepare the circumstances for beginning of something.
26. inevitable (adjective) – unavoidable, unpreventable.
27. indices plural of index (noun) – measure; guide, indication.
28. lives (noun) – plural form of life.
29. livelihood (noun) – means of making a living with the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing); means of support, subsistence, source of income.
30. predicament (noun) – problematic situation, difficulty, quandary.
31. tidal wave (noun) – tsunami.
32. paralysis (noun) – shutdown, immobilization, stoppage.
33. synchronously (adverb) – coincidentally, concurrently, simultaneously.
34. hardly (adverb) – not; barely, slightly.
35. paradoxically (adverb) – contradictorily, inconsistently, incongruously.
36. social/physical distancing (noun) – a term means actively avoiding crowded public places, is a key element in decreasing the rapid spread of COVID-19. This is an effort intended to limit exposure by reducing face-to-face contact and preventing spread among people in community settings.
37. congregate (verb) – assemble, gather, come together, flock together, get together.
38. portend (verb) – indicate, signal, foretell, augur.
39. imminent (adjective) – close/near, about to happen, approaching/impending.
40. catastrophe (noun) – disaster, calamity, crisis, tragedy, (complete) destruction.
41. anticipate (verb) – expect, foresee, predict.
42. risk-mitigation (noun) – it can be defined as taking steps to reduce adverse effects.
43. administer (verb) – implement; oversee, manage, direct, regulate, conduct.
44. vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
45. social vaccine (noun) – a metaphor (symbolic thing) for a series of social and behavioural measures that governments can use to raise public consciousness about unhealthy situations through social mobilisation.
46. prophylaxis (noun) – a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring.
47. decentralised (adjective) – relating to transfer of the power/control of a department/government from a single place to other locations.
48. stakeholder (noun) – a person with an interest in something.
49. at one’s disposal (phrase) – available.
50. make clear (phrase) – explain, elucidate, clarify.
51. public behaviour change (noun) – (in public health) it refers to efforts put in place to change people’s personal habits and attitudes, to prevent disease.
52. hygiene (noun) – cleanliness.
53. co-morbidity (noun) – In medicine, co-morbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions (diseases) co-occurring/co-existing with a primary condition (disease).
54. cocoon (verb) – protect, keep safe, shield.
55. quarantine (noun) – a process of separating out people, animals and things (such as plants) from others for a period of time in order to control/restrict the spread of a contagious disease; Quarantine is imposed to separate and restrict the movement of persons, who may have been exposed to infectious disease, but not yet known to be ill.
56. mortality (noun) – (in a particular time/for a cause) the rate/number of death.
57. systematic (adjective) – methodical, structured, organized, well ordered, planned.
58. entail (verb) – necessitate, make necessary, require.
59. diagnose (verb) – identify, determine, distinguish.
60. syndrome (noun) – In general, it means “concurrence-many things happen at the same time”. In medicine, it is a set of signs and symptoms correlated with each other and often associated with a particular disease or disorder.
61. RT-PCR testing (noun) – Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Testing; it is one of the most accurate laboratory methods for detecting, tracking, and studying the coronavirus. It is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material from any pathogen, including a virus. (pathogen is a bacteria/virus that causes disease).
62. man (verb) – occupy, work, employ.
63. diagnostic (adjective) – relating to the diagnostics (identification) of a disease/other problems.
64. criterion (noun) – basis, standard, norm. (criteria is the plural form of criterion).
65. sustain (verb) – preserve, bolster up,support. 
66. primary health centre (noun) – it is a port of call (first place to visit) to a qualified doctor in the public health sector in rural areas providing a range of curative, promotive and preventive health care. There are about 25,650 primary health centres (PHCs) in India, 15,700 (61.2%) function with one doctor each. As many as 1,974 (7.69%) PHCs do not have even a single doctor.
67. frequent (verb) – visit often, go regularly.
68. obstetric (adjective) – relating to pregnancy & childbirth.
69. symptomatic (adjective) – relating to a condition/person with symptoms.
70. asymptomatic (adjective) – relating to a condition/person with no symptoms.
71. pre-symptomatic (adjective) – relating to a condition/person with mild illness/symptoms.
72. isolation (noun) – a complete separation from others of a person known or reasonably believed to be infected with communicable diseases.
73. oxygen saturation (noun) – it is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood.
74. oximeter (noun) – an instrument that measures the amount of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in the blood.
75. pneumonia (noun) – pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. It is treatable and preventable. However, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children under five.
76. non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (noun) – also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. The four main types of non-communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes (Courtesy: WHO).
77. tele-medicine (noun) – a method of medicine that allows health care professionals to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients in remote locations using telecommunications technology.
78. personnel (noun) – staff, employees, workforce.
79. catch napping (phrase) – catch off guard, find unprepared.
80. monumental (adjective) – terrible, dreadful, awful.
81. fraternity (noun) – profession; association, organization, society.
82. wisdom (noun) – knowledge, understanding, insight, judgement.

Today’s Advanced Word List 2 For The Hindu Opinion Article (Rural India, the new viral flash point) – Jun 17, 2020:

Note:   

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purpose only and they may vary in different context. 

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

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