The Hindu Editorial (Widening the safety net) – Jan 04, 2022

Editorial Words

3 years ago

The Hindu Editorial (Widening the safety net) – Jan 04, 2022

Nearly a year after the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines for health-care workers, the primary vaccination schedule to cover 75 million teenagers aged 15-17 years began across the country on January 3. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Widening the safety net) – Jan 04, 2022.

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The Hindu Editorial (Widening the safety net) – Jan 04, 2022:

widen (verb) – increase, enlarge, expand.
safety net (noun) – something which gives protection against misfortune or difficulty.
rollout (noun) – official launch/introduction.
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something.
overwhelming (adjective) – very strong, profound, forceful, formidable, compelling; massive, enormous, immense.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
vaccinate (verb) – inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
emergence (noun) – appearance, arrival, coming.
transmissive (adjective) – infectious, contagious, communicable, transmissible, spreading.
Omicron variant (noun) – On 26 November 2021, WHO designated the (new coronavirus) variant B.1.1.529 a variant of concern, named Omicron, on the advice of WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution (TAG-VE). The first known confirmed Omicron infection was from a specimen collected on November 9. In recent weeks, infections in South Africa have increased steeply, coinciding with the detection.
variant (noun) – different or form or version or mutant of something (virus).
designate (verb) – name, call, label, classify.
Variant of Concern (VoC) (noun) – A variant for which there is evidence of an increase in transmissibility, more severe disease (e.g., increased hospitalizations or deaths), significant reduction in neutralization by antibodies generated during previous infection or vaccination, reduced effectiveness of treatments or vaccines, or diagnostic detection failures.
Variants of Interest (VoI) (noun) – A variant with specific genetic markers that have been associated with changes to receptor binding, reduced neutralization by antibodies generated against previous infection or vaccination, reduced efficacy of treatments, potential diagnostic impact, or predicted increase in transmissibility or disease severity.
surge (noun) – sudden increase or rise of something.
adolescent (adjective) – teenage, young.
consensus (noun) – an idea or opinion that is shared by all the people in a group.
relatively (adverb) – comparatively, in comparison, by comparison, proportionately.
sero-survey (noun) – collection and testing of serum (or proxy such as oral fluid) specimens from a sample of a
defined population over a specified period of time to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against a given
specific infectious pathogen as an indicator of immunity.
serology survey (noun) – A serological survey is conducted to assess the prevalence of a disease in a population. It is done by detecting the presence of specific antibodies that are produced against the virus.
serology (noun) – a method of diagnostic examination of blood serum concerning the immune system’s response to pathogens (the pathogen is something, like bacteria/virus, that causes disease). (serum is an amber (yellowish-orange), watery fluid, rich in proteins, obtained from blood…).
Oxford vaccine/Covishield (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is named Covishield in India. Serum Institute of India (SII), a biotechnology company has partnered with global pharma giant AstraZeneca and Oxford University for this vaccine candidate ‘Covidshield’.
Covaxin (noun) – India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate (COVAXIN) developed by a Hyderabad-based company (Bharat Biotech) in collaboration with the ICMR (The Indian Council of Medical Research).
administer (verb) – dispense, provide, give, apply (a drug/vaccine).
immunogenic (adjective) – relating to a foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body.
phase-3 trial (noun) – In phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
human trial/clinical trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes.
trial (noun) – test, pilot study, experiment (phase 1, 2,3, and or human/clinical trial).
peer-review (verb) – (of a process by which something research or publication) be evaluated by a group of experts in the appropriate field.
peer-reviewed (adjective) – relating to a process by which something research or publication is evaluated by a group of experts in the appropriate field.
pre-print (noun) – a full draft of a research paper that is shared publicly before it has been peer reviewed/has been sent to press for publication.
besides (adverb) – in addition, furthermore, moreover, further.
frontline staff/worker/responder/personnel (noun) – a person who is among the first to arrive and provide assistance at the scene of an emergency. First/front line workers/responders typically
include paramedics, emergency medical technicians, police officers, firefighters, sanitary workers & etc.
comorbidity (noun) – In medicine, co-morbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions (diseases) co-occurring/co-existing with a primary condition (disease).
precaution dose (noun) – booster dose; third dose of the vaccine.
homologous vaccine booster (noun) – A homologous booster shot involves the administration of the same vaccine as previously administered, while a heterologous booster shot involves the administration of a different vaccine.
booster shot/dose (noun) – In medical terms, a booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier dose.
shot (noun) – injection, inoculation (of a vaccine/drug).
account for (phrasal verb) – constitute, comprise, form, represent.
factor in (phrasal verb) – take into consideration, include.
reliance (noun) – dependence.
shortage (noun) – shortfall, deficiency, insufficiency.
midway (adverb) – halfway, in the middle, at the mid point, at some point, in between.