The Hindu Editorial (Test by choice) – Sep 08, 2020

On September 4, India crossed four million novel coronavirus cases, 13 days after crossing three million on August 22. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Test by choice) – Sep 08, 2020.

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Courtesy: The Hindu

Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Test by choice) – Sep 08, 2020:

by choice (phrase) – voluntarily, by preference, of one’s own choice.
coronavirus (CoV) (noun) – a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases. common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death. (Courtesy: WHO)
nuanced (adjective) – delicate, subtle.
novel coronavirus (nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2) (noun) – a new strain (type/variety) coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. (Courtesy: WHO)
surpass (verb) – be greater than, exceed, go beyond.
so far (phrase) – until now, up to the present, up to this point.
positivity rate (noun) – the proportion of positives to total tests done for a disease; the percentage of tests that are turning out to be positive for a disease.
ramp up (phrasal verb) – increase (in amount or number).
antigen (noun) – disease causing organisms (bacteria & viruses) and other harmful/toxic foreign substances like insect venom that induce an immune response in the body.
rapid antigen test (RAT) (noun) – It is a test on swabbed nasal samples that detects antigens (foreign substances that induce an immune response in the body) that are found on or within the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is a point-of-care test, performed outside the conventional laboratory setting, and is used to quickly obtain a diagnostic result. In a reliable rapid antigen detection test, the maximum duration for interpreting a positive or negative test is 30 minutes.
sensitivity (noun) – In medical diagnosis, test sensitivity is the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate).
validate (verb) – prove or confirm the accuracy of something.
RT-PCR testing (noun) – Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Testing; it is one of the most accurate laboratory methods for detecting, tracking, and studying the coronavirus. It is a nuclear-derived method for detecting the presence of specific genetic material from any pathogen, including a virus. (pathogen is a bacteria/virus that causes disease).
diagnose (verb) – identify, determine, detect (an illness).
advisory (noun) – official communication, announcement, notification, press release, bulletin.
on demand (phrase) – when required; when needed; when asked for.
theoretically (adverb) – conceptually notionally.
undertake (verb) – engage in, become involved in, take part in; begin/start, embark on.
measure (noun) – action, step, procedure.
result in (verb) – cause, bring about, produce.
stretched (adjective) – strained, overtaxed, overtired, fatigued, tired out, drained, exhausted.
on the face of it (phrase) – apparently, seemingly, evidently/ostensibly; at first glance.
non-directed (adjective) – not-directed, not-regulated.
non-directed test (noun) – test without the prescription by a registered medical practitioner.
containment (noun) – an act of keeping something (harmful) under control (it means quickly identifying cases of coronavirus through testing, placing infected individuals in isolation, tracking who infected persons might have been in contact with and potentially quarantining those who came into contact with infection so that the disease doesn’t continue to spread).
probable (adjective) – possible, expected, predictable, foreseeable, anticipated.
cluster (noun) – a group (of people/things considered as a unit).
hotspot (noun) – a limited region/area in which a large number of people have tested positive for COVID-19 in several smaller groups or clusters. In general, hotspot means “a place of significant activity”.
containment zone (noun) – infected zone; a defined area surrounding the initial cases (of a pandemic) to restrict the virus from spreading beyond its limits.
besides (preposition) – in addition to, apart from.
anticipated (adjective) – expected/predicted.
discretionary (adjective) – optional, voluntary, non-mandatory, up to the individual.
discretionary power (noun) – a power that a person can use if that person thinks that it is suitable given the situation and circumstances.
exhibit (verb) – show, display (a symptom/sign).
procurement (noun) – the action of procuring/purchasing something.
over-reliance (noun) – excessive dependency.
cope with (verb) – deal with, grapple with, handle/manage.
necessary (adjective) – required, compulsory, mandatory, imperative.