The Hindu Editorial (​Script reading) – Jan 18, 2025

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The Hindu Editorial (​Script reading) – Jan 18, 2025:

1. decipher (verb) – translate, decode, explain, interpret, comprehend, understand. 
2. Valley (noun) – a low area between hills or mountains typically with a river running through it.
3. Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) (noun) – also called Harappan civilization; It was located in the Indus River valley. This Bronze Age (3000-1500 BCE) civilisation is called the Indus Valley/Harappan civilisation. It is believed to be one of the oldest world civilizations together with Egypt and Mesopotamia. There were important centers of the Harappan Civilization and ancient towns like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Nal (now in present-day Pakistan), Dholavira, Kalibangan, Lothal and Rakhigarhi (in India).
4. civilization (noun) – culture, customs, enlightenment, way of life.
5. cloud (verb) – spoil.
6. revive (verb) – bring back, reintroduce, renew.
7. interest (noun) – common concerns (in politics/business).
8. puzzle (noun) – mystery, paradox, enigma, conundrum, problem, riddle, question (mark).
9. archaeologist (noun) – an expert on history who gains expertise through experience with historical documents and artifacts.
10. linguist (noun) – a person who knows several foreign languages well.
11. context (noun) – situation, background, scenario.
12. centenary (adjective) – relating to a hundredth anniversary.
13. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) (noun) – The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), under the Ministry of Culture, was established in the year 1861 is the premier organization for the archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the nation.
14. Mesopotamia (noun) – the land of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, now lies mostly in modern Iraq and northeastern Syria, together with southeastern Turkey and western Iran. More than five thousand years ago, the world’s first literate and urban society arose in this region.
15. decipherment (noun) – the process of understanding something, unclear, obscure or illegible.
16. scholar (noun) – academic, intellectual, learned person, pandit.
17. necessity (noun) – essential requirement, prerequisite, necessary, indispensability.
18. settlement (noun) – an uninhabited place where people established a community/colony.
19. handful (noun) – a few, a small number, a small quantity, some.
20. claim (verb) – state, declare, affirm, assert.
21. literate (adjective) – educated, learned, scholarly, intelligent, erudite, lettered, knowledgeable.
22. school of thought (phrase) – a specific way of thinking; world view, ideology, principles.
23. proto- (prefix) – first, foremost, earliest form of, original.
24. graffiti (noun) – pictures or words painted or drawn on a wall, building, etc.
25. digitisation (noun) – the process of converting information/data into a digital format.
26. inscribe (verb) – imprint, engrave, etch.
27. potsherd (noun) – a fragment/piece of broken pottery (earthenware) found on an archaeological site.
28. riddle (noun) – mystery, puzzle, unsolved problem.
29. regarding (preposition) – concerning, with regard to, in respect of, with reference to, relating to.
30. in the public domain/realm (phrase) – if something (e.g. information) is in the public domain, people generally know about it since it is no secret.
31. authorities (noun) – officer, office-holder, representative, bureaucrat, functionary, administrator, executive, official, officialdom, the people in charge.
32. interference (noun) – intervention, involvement, intrusion, meddling, poking around.
33. likelihood (noun) – chance, probability, possibility, odds.
34. finding (noun) – conclusion, result.
35. go against (phrasal verb) –  oppose or resist something.
36. established (adjective) – accepted, traditional, entrenched, familiar, mainstream, well known, acknowledged, recognized.
37. narrative (noun) – a representation of a particular situation; portrayal, account, description, statement.
38. intellectual pursuit (noun) – an intellectual pursuit is something akin to the pursuit of knowledge. It is doing something that requires the use of research and intellect to find the answers to questions of your own, or those of others. An intellectual pursuit is that which continues to grow your intelligence, sharpen your skills, and enhance your knowledge. 
39. well-coordinated (adjective) – well-planned, well-arranged, well-managed.
40. unravel (verb) – resolve, sort out, reveal, work out, puzzle out, explain, elucidate, decipher, 
41. difference (noun) – disagreement, difference of opinion, misunderstanding, dispute, quarrel, wrangle.
42. adversely (adverb) – unfavourably, disadvantageously, badly, negatively.
43. execution (noun) – implementation, carrying out, accomplishment, attainment, completion, fulfilment, realization.

Note : 

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc. from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purposes only and they may vary in a different context.  

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

The Hindu Editorial (​Script reading) – Jan 18, 2025: