The Hindu Editorial (Rebooting the codes) – Aug 14, 2023

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The Hindu Editorial (Rebooting the codes) – Aug 14, 2023:

reboot (verb) – restart, reintroduce, reset, renew, reestablish, revive, reload, restore.
Indian Penal Code (IPC) (noun) – The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law. The draft was passed into law on 6 October 1860. The Code came into operation on 1 January 1862. The Indian Penal Code of 1860, subdivided into 23 chapters, comprises 511 sections. IPC deals with crimes and punishments.
Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) (noun) – The Code of Criminal Procedure (in India). The main legislation on procedure for administration of substantive criminal law in India. It was enacted in 1973 and came into force on 1 April 1974. CrPC tells about the criminal trial procedure. (The criminal procedure law was re-enacted in 1973, and it is known as the CrPC, 1973, as distinct from its 1898 version).
The Indian Evidence Act (IEA) (noun) – The Indian Evidence Act passed in India by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1872. It contains a set of rules and allied issues governing admissibility of evidence in the Indian courts of law.
unfamiliar (adjective) – unknown, new, different.
overhaul (noun) – reformation, reconstruction, reorganization, rearrangement, improvement.
time to time (phrase) – occasionally, periodically, intermittently.
abreast (adverb) – up to date with, informed about, familiar with.
development (noun) – progress, progression, advancement, improvement, growth.
abstruse (adjective) – obscure, difficult, puzzling, perplexing.
in substance (phrase) – essentially, fundamentally, basically, primarily, actually, in reality
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill 2023 (noun) – It is introduced to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC).
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) Bill 2023 (noun) – It is introduced to replace the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC).
Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023 (noun) – It is proposed to replace the Indian Evidence Act (IEA).
objective (noun) – aim, intention, purpose.
apparently (adverb) – obviously, palpably, seemingly, evidently .
symbolise (verb) – illustrate, demonstrate, represent.
de-anglicisation (noun) – the elimination of English influence, language, customs, etc.
scroll (noun) – an act of moving information on a computer screen up or down so that you can read it.
language (noun) – wording, phrasing, expressions, vocabulary, parlance.
far too few (phrase) – used to refer to a number that is much lower than what would be desired.
warrant (verb) – justify, vindicate, call for, validate, endorse, uphold.
afresh (adverb) – again, anew, once again, once more.
consolation (noun) – relief, encouragement, reassurance, comfort, solace, support.
Sanhita/Code (noun) – a set of rules.
scrutinise (verb) – examine carefully, inspect; investigate, assess.
House committees (noun) – The parliamentary (standing & select) committees; They do close examination and investigation of government policies, actions and spending.
Parliamentary Standing Committee/Parliamentary panel (noun) – it is a committee (consisting of Members of Parliament) constituted usually on an annual basis to enable detailed consideration/discussion on all bills (all proposed laws).
Parliamentary select committee (noun) – ‘parliamentary select committee’ can be formed for a specific purpose, for instance, to deliberate on a particular bill. Once the Bill is disposed of, that select committee ceases to exist.
sedition (noun) – incitement (to riot/rebellion), agitation, trouble making/provocation (against the established government/authority). Section 124A of the IPC, which describes sedition, seeks to punish speech or writing that brings or tries to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or tries to excite disaffection towards, the government established by law.
apparent (adjective) – obvious, evident, visible, noticeable.
Section 150 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (noun) – Section 150 of the new law avoids using the word sedition, instead describing the offence as “endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India”. (whereas Section 124A of the existing law could be exercised against individuals using various means (spoken or written word, signs etc.) to “bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection”).
Section 124A of the IPC (noun) – Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code lays down the punishment for sedition.
overbroad (adjective) – too much, extreme. (“go overboard” means to do something too much or to go to extremes).
promote (verb) –support, back, endorse, foster,
disaffection (noun) – dissatisfaction, discontent, disgruntlement, hostility, frustration.
bring in (phrasal verb) – introduce, start to involve (in a particular activity); to introduce something new (such as a law).
hatred (noun) – enmity, antipathy, antagonism, hostility, resentment, aversion.
contempt (noun) – disrespect, defiance, disregard, disdain, mockery, animosity.
criminalise (verb) – make something (an activity) illegal.
secessionism (noun) – (of small region/group) a practice/system of separating/leaving from a country/a larger group formally.
separatism (noun) – dissension, nonconformity, dissent/faction.
armed (adjective) – equipped with firearms (weapons).
rebellion (noun) – uprising, revolt, insurgency, defiance, resistance, dissent, disobedience, nonconformity.
subversive (adjective) – troublemaking, inflammatory, agitational, provocative, rabble-rousing, dissident, disloyal, undermining
endanger (verb) – risk, put at risk, imperil, jeopardize, threaten.
sovereignty (noun) – independent, supreme power or authority; supremacy, hegemony; autonomy, self-government.
integrity (noun) – unity, unification, wholeness, coherence, cohesion, togetherness, solidarity.
misuse (verb) – abuse, exploit, misemploy, misapply.
potentially (adverb) – probably, presumably, likely.
provision (noun) – clause, condition, stipulation, requirement, term.
Section 195 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (noun) – deals with those spreading ‘fake news or misleading information’ jeopardising the sovereignty and security of India shall be punished for up to three years of imprisonment.
Section 153B of the IPC (noun) – Section 153B of the Indian Penal Code seeks to punish imputations against national integration.
penalise (verb) – punish, discipline, mete out punishment to.
jeopardise (verb) – imperil, threaten, put at risk, put in danger, endanger.
mob (noun) – a large, disorganized, and often violent crowd of people.
lynching (noun) – an act of punishing/killing someone by hanging for claimed offence by the group of people without legal trail.
organised crime (noun) – it generally involves a group of people involved in serious criminal activities for substantial profit.
omission (noun) – deletion, elimination, erasure, non-inclusion, neglect.
hate speech (noun) – abusive or disrespectful speech.
enable (verb) – authorize, allow, permit, legalize, sanction, warrant, validate.
trial (noun) – legal proceedings, inquiry, hearing, legal action/case.
proclaimed (adjective) – indicated, shown, announced, declared, trumpeted.
proclaimed offender (PO) (noun) – an individual who has been accused of committing a crime and has a warrant issued for their arrest but has not appeared in court or has evaded arrest.
offender (noun) – criminal, culprit, wrongdoer, lawbreaker, perpetrator.
in absentia (adverb) – away, out, off, not present.
seizure (noun) – capture, occupation, takeover, overrunning, annexation, invasion, appropriation; confiscation.
mandatory (adjective) – binding, obligatory, necessary; required, essential, imperative.
welcome (adjective) – pleasing, agreeable, favourable, promising, much needed.
so too (phrase) – also. (“the main point of too is simply to emphasize the also-ness” of so).
deemed (adjective) – considered, regarded, adjudged, supposed.
sanction (noun) – authorization, permission, approval, warrant.
authorities (noun) – officials, officialdom, the people in charge, the government, the administration, the establishment, the bureaucracy, the system.
remand (noun) – this term is used to refer to the sending back of the accused or prisoner to the custody of a competent authority; pre-trial detention, preventive detention, or provisional detention.
attract (verb) – draw, invite ,bring in, involve.
scrutiny (noun) – examination, inspection, investigation.