The Hindu Editorial (Need for caution) – Sep 18, 2020

Russia’s candidate vaccine for COVID-19 appears to have found a midwife in India. The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF),… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Need for caution) – Sep 18, 2020.

To read this article, click here.

This preview is provided here with permission.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Need for caution) – Sep 18, 2020:

Sputnik V vaccine (noun) – it is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, and registered on 11 August 2020 by the Russian Ministry of Health.
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
come through (phrasal verb) – be processed/received (methodically).
gestation (period) (noun) – development, formation (period).
candidate vaccine or vaccine candidate (noun) – a “potential” vaccine prepared in the research and development (R&D) centres and it can be used in human clinical trials.
midwife (noun) – a person who supports someone while creating/developing something. (midwife is generally a woman who is trained to assist women in childbirth).
Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) (noun) – Russia’s sovereign wealth fund established in 2011 by the Russian government to make investments in leading companies of high-growth sectors of the Russian economy.
pilot (verb) – test, trial, examine.
phase-3 trial (noun) – In phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
human trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes; clinical trial.
efficacious (adjective) – effective, successful, powerful.
efficacy (noun) – In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect; effectiveness, efficiency, power.
Oxford vaccine (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, UK Ltd.
adenovirus (noun) – common cold virus; a group of common viruses that can cause infections of the lung, stomach, intestine, and eyes. symptoms resemble those of the common cold.
deploy (verb) – use, utilize, employ.
Ebola (noun) – Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. (Courtesy: WHO)
immense (adjective) – huge, extremely large.
regulatory (adjective) – governmental, supervisory, organizational, controlling.
get out (phrasal verb) – succeed in releasing something.
incumbent on (adjective) – necessary, compulsory, required, obligatory.
vigilant (adjective) – watchful, careful, alert.
protocol (noun) – procedure, convention, rules of conduct.
scrupulously (adverb) – religiously, consistently, constantly/regularly.
acknowledge (verb) – admit, accept, recognize.
reportedly (adverb) – supposedly, seemingly, apparently, allegedly.
all in all (phrase) – taking everything into account, all things considered, on the whole.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
minuscule (adjective) – very small, insignificant, negligible.
of course (phrase) – certainly, definitely, absolutely, by all means.
account for (verb) – constitute, comprise, represent.
indigenously (adverb) – in an indigenous (originating from native/local) manner, something is produced in a particular region/country.
strain (noun) – variety, kind, type.
plasmid (noun) – a small, circular piece of DNA that is different from the chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.
plasmid DNA-vaccine (noun) – It involves the direct introduction into appropriate tissues of a plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so cells directly produce the antigen, causing a protective immunological response.
cold chain (noun) – a temperature-controlled supply chain. It is a kind of supply chain that specializes in the storage, transport, and preservation of cargo that needs to be maintained at a specific temperature or within an acceptable temperature range.
go through (phrasal verb) – examine, study, scrutinize something methodically.
inevitably (adverb) – unavoidably, certainly, definitely.
make one’s way (phrase) – proceed to a particular place.