The Hindu Editorial (​​Necessary infusion) – Feb 24, 2025

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The Hindu Editorial (​​​Necessary infusion) – Jan 24, 2025:

1. infusion (noun) – the introduction/ instilling/imbuing of a new thing.
2. capital infusion (noun) –  introduction of additional funding from successful divisions of a business to the weak division which is is not doing well.
3. swap (noun) – exchange, interchange, trade-off.
4. currency swap (noun) – a currency swap contract (also known as a cross-currency swap contract) is a derivative contract between two parties that involves the exchange of interest payments, as well as the exchange of principal amounts in certain cases, that are denominated in different currencies.
5. financial volatility (noun) – a measure of the variation in the price of an asset over time.
6. volatility (noun) – unsteadiness, unpredictability, instability, unreliability.
7. inject (verb) – introduce, instil, bring in, infuse, imbue, inculcate.
8. timely (adjective) – prompt, well timed, at the right time, opportune, appropriate.
9. measure (noun) – action, step, procedure.
10. address (verb) – tackle, deal with, attend to, try to sort out.
11. liquidity (noun) – the availability of liquid assets; liquidity means liquid assets; cash; (liquid asset is an asset which can be easily sold/converted into cash without losing its value); a measure of activity (i.e. the ability to buy or sell easily) in a market. 
12. liquidity (noun) – (in the banking system) it refers to readily available cash that banks need to meet short-term business and financial needs.
13. lender (noun) –  a business or financial institution that extends credit (loan) to companies and individuals, with the expectation that the full amount of the loan will be repaid.
14. stem from (verb) – emerge, come out, ensue, originate, emanate from.
15. flight (noun) – exit, departure, disappearance, vanishing, fleeing, escape.
16. foreign capital (noun) – inflow of capital in home country from abroad.
17. stock market (noun) – equity market, share market, a stock exchange. It is where traders buy and sell shares of companies on a public exchange.
18. seek (verb) – try, aim, attempt.
19. amid (preposition) – in the middle of, surrounded by; during.
20. corporate tax cut (noun) – a reduction in the tax rate that companies pay on their profits. This can cause higher profits for firms, which can be invested in the stock market or used to buy back shares.
21. ongoing (adjective) – current, existing, continuing.
22. trade war/tariff war (noun) – a condition in which a country increases tariffs on foreign goods and imposes quota restrictions to restrict other countries’ trade.
23. mark (verb) – indicate, signify, represent.
24. tranche (noun) – part, section, portion (of something).
25. tenor (noun) – the general content/meaning.
26. reserve (noun) – a foreign currency that is held in significant quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities.
27. in exchange (for) (phrase) – in return (for)
28. pre-determined (advantage) – fixed, prearranged.
29. buyback (noun) – (share) repurchase, re-acquisition.
30. at a premium (phrase) – at a higher rate; above the usual price.
31. tool (noun) – mechanism, means, instrument, apparatus.
32. deploy (verb) – employ/bring into effective action; bring into service; have recourse to; use, utilize, employ, make use of, take advantage of.
33. mitigate (verb) – reduce, diminish, decrease, lessen, relieve, assuage, alleviate, allay, temper, moderate.
34. constraint (noun) – restriction, limitation, restraint.
35. curb (verb) – control, contain, constrain, restrict, limit.
36. inflationary (adjective) – tending to cause monetary inflation.
37. Inflationary/price pressures (noun) – the demand and supply-side pressures that can cause a rise in the general price level; cost-push inflation, hot-economy, deficit finance.
38. neutralise (verb) – eliminate, cancel out, nullify/invalidate.
39. deficit (noun) – deficiency, shortage, shortfall, inadequacy .
40. liquidity deficit (noun) – it happens when banks don’t have enough cash to meet customer demands for credit.
41. as of (phrase) – from (a specified time).
42. term (noun) – tenure, period of/in office; period, time, stint, spell.
43. tariff (noun) – a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country.
44. tensions (noun) – strained relations, strain, unease.
45. Foreign exchange (Forex or FX) (noun) – the conversion of one currency into another at a specific rate known as the foreign exchange rate. The conversion rates for almost all currencies are constantly floating as they are driven by the market forces of supply and demand.
46. currency reserve (noun) – a currency that is held in large amounts by central banks and monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange reserves programme. (E.g. The Reserve bank of India is the central bank in India).
47. foreign exchange reserve or forex reserve (noun) – Foreign currency assets held by the central banks of countries. The amounts of assets /money in foreign currencies that a country has in its central bank (in India, it is Reserve bank of India).
48. depreciate (verb) – decrease, decline, drop/lose value.
49. breach (verb) – break, violate, fail to comply with.
50. mark (noun) – level, point, stage.
51. portfolio (noun) – a range of investments (like shares, holdings, securities, equities, bonds).
52. portfolio (noun) – a range of products or services.
53. foreign portfolio investments (FPIs) (noun) – investments in financial assets, such as shares, government bonds, corporate bonds, convertible securities, infrastructure securities etc in a foreign country.
54. foreign portfolio investor (noun) – Investors investing in financial assets, such as shares, government bonds, corporate bonds, convertible securities, infrastructure securities etc. in a foreign country.
55. foreign institutional investors (FII) (noun) – companies established or incorporated outside India and make proposals for investments in India. These include hedge funds, pension funds, mutual funds and insurance companies.
56. equity market (noun) – stock market, securities market, share market (a stock is a security, but every security is not a stock).
57. given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
58. necessity (noun) – essential requirement, prerequisite, necessary, indispensability.
59. rather than (phrase) – instead of.
60. proactive (adjective) – energetic, motivated, farsighted, cautious, careful.
61. capitalise on (phrasal verb) – take advantage of, use, make use of, benefit from.
62. extend (verb) – give, present, hold out, offer, make available.
63. credit (noun) – a type of loan or line of credit extended to individuals or businesses by financial institutions. It is the ability to borrow money or goods from a lender in exchange for repayment at a later date.
64. cycle (noun) – series, sequence, run, 
65. capital investment (noun) – it involves allocating resources to acquire or upgrade long-term assets like property, machinery, or technology for the business. The money used by a business to purchase fixed assets, such as land, machinery, or buildings.
66. intact (adjective) – not influenced; not swayed; undamaged, unspoiled, unimpaired, untouched.
67. in turn (phrase) – in return, in response; successively, in succession.
68. propel (verb) – to cause something to move forward; spur, drive, prompt, precipitate, impel.
69. Gross domestic product (GDP) (noun) – a measure of economic activity in a country. It is the total value of a country’s annual output of goods and service.
70. prevailing (adjective) – enduring, persistent, long-standing, perennial, long-term, lasting, long-lasting, continuing.
71. headwinds (noun) – (in business) situations or conditions that make growth harder/difficult. 
72. tailwinds (noun) – (in business) situations or conditions that move growth, revenues, or profits higher.

Note : 

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc. from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purposes only and they may vary in a different context.  

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

The Hindu Editorial (​​​Necessary infusion) – Jan 24, 2025: