The Hindu Editorial (Injecting confidence) – Jan 18, 2021

India began the largest vaccination drive in its history with over 2 lakh people vaccinated across the country in 3,350 sessions on the first day…. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Injecting confidence) – Jan 18, 2021.

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The Hindu Editorial (Injecting confidence) – Jan 18, 2021:

inject (verb) – introduce, instil, bring in, infuse, imbue, inculcate.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
drive (noun) – campaign, movement, effort, push.
appraisal (noun) – assessment, evaluation, estimation.
prowess (noun) – ability, capability, capacity, know-how.
disseminate (verb) – spread, circulate, distribute, publicize, communicate, make known.
vaccinate (verb) – inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
Covishield or Oxford vaccine (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, UK Ltd. (named Covishield in India and manufactured at the Serum Institute of India).
whereas (conjunction) – in comparison with the fact that.
Covaxin (noun) – India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate (COVAXIN) developed by a Hyderabad-based company (Bharat Biotech) in collaboration with the ICMR (The Indian Council of Medical Research).
administer (verb) – deliver, distribute, give/provide; inoculate, vaccinate, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
tranche (noun) – part, section, portion (of something).
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something.
sanitation (noun) – it generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces (Courtesy: WHO).
ceremonial (adjective) – formal, official, public.
inoculation (noun) – vaccination, injection, immunization; jab, shot.
lag behind (phrasal verb) – trail, fall back, straggle/move slowly.
frontline worker/responder/personnel (noun) – a person who is among the first to arrive and provide assistance at the scene of an emergency. First/front line workers/responders typically include paramedics, emergency medical technicians, police officers, firefighters, sanitary workers & etc.
stand (verb) – be, be ready, be set, be positioned.
novel coronavirus (nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2) (noun) – a new strain (type/variety) coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans. (Courtesy: WHO)
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
surface (verb) – emerge, appear, come to light, become visible.
subsequent (adjective) – following, ensuing, succeeding, successive.
uncertainty (noun) – unpredictability, unreliability, riskiness/precariousness.
tragedy (noun) – disaster, catastrophe, devastation, misfortune, affliction, blight.
upheaval (noun) – disruption, upset, disturbance, trouble.
result in (phrasal verb) – cause, bring on, bring about, call forth, give rise to.
promising (adjective) – favourable, hopeful, optimistic, encouraging.
potential (noun) – possibilities, potentiality.
spark (verb) – cause, bring on, bring about, give rise to.
optimism (noun) – hopefulness, hope, confidence, positive attitude, buoyancy.
commendable (adjective) – admirable, praiseworthy, laudable.
lose sight of (phrase) – pay no attention to, fail to consider, be lax about.
have a bearing on (phrase) – have a relevance/relation to something.
lie ahead (phrasal verb) – be going to happen.
vulnerable (adjective) – relating to a weak/neglected person who is in need of special care/support/protection; ill-protected, easily affected by, prone to, at risk of.
establish (verb) – prove, demonstrate, show, display; determine, validate, verify, confirm.
efficacy (noun) – In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect; effectiveness, efficiency, power.
trial (noun) – test, pilot study, experiment (phase 1, 2,3, and or human/clinical trial).
phase 3 trial (noun) – In the phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In the phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
human trial/clinical trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes; clinical trial.
placebo (noun) – it is an inactive substance (with no therapeutic effect) that is given to one group of participants in a clinical trial, while the treatment (usually a drug or vaccine being tested) is given to another group.
licensure (noun) – the granting of licenses.
rational (adjective) – logical, well reasoned, sensible, reasonable.
on the part of (phrase) – on behalf of, by, done by, caused by, from.
outweigh (verb) – be greater than; take priority over, prevail over; offset, cancel out.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
childhood (noun) – the period of being a child.
immunisation (noun) – the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.
diverse (adjective) – very different, varying, multiple, sundry, dissimilar.
geographical (adjective) – zonal, territorial.
executive (adjective) – regulating, controlling, managerial.
scale up (phrasal verb) – increase, augment; step up.
division (noun) – disagreement, difference of opinion, conflict, disunity.
sagacity (noun) – wisdom, insight, understanding, intelligence, thoughtfulness.
on offer (phrase) – available.
nonetheless (adverb) – notwithstanding, nevertheless, in spite of that/however.
rather than (phrase) – instead of.
rumour mongering (noun) – the spreading of threatening reports/rumours deliberately (to make people feel worried or frightened).
motivated (adjective) – stirred up, triggered, caused.
doubly (adverb) – extra, especially, even more.
line up (phrasal verb) – form a queue, queue up, form lines.
far more (phrase) – much more.
literate (adjective) – knowledgeable, well informed, educated.
arm (noun) – branch, section, department, division.
percolate (verb) – spread gradually, be disseminated, pass/go slowly (through a group of people).