The Hindu Editorial (Incremental win) – Nov 21, 2022

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The Hindu Editorial (Incremental win) – Nov 21, 2022:

incremental (adjective) – gradual, step-by-step, phased.
Loss and Damage (noun) – The term ‘losses and damages’ refers to the economic and non-economic impacts of climate change, including extreme and slow onset events, in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. It’s destructive, irreversible, and cannot be addressed by mitigation and adaptation measures.
Loss and Damage (L&D) fund/compensation (noun) – it has been part of COP deliberations for over a decade, with calls by island nations and developing countries to establish a dedicated fund and a clear financing scheme to compensate countries that are bearing the brunt of climate-linked calamities. COP27 agrees to set up ‘L&D’ fund to compensate a section of developing countries for the damage already done by disasters linked to climate change.
commitment (noun) – promise, vow, assurance; deal.
27th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP27) (noun) – The 27th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP27) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was being held from 6 November until 18 November 2022 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. The participants include representatives of the 195 member-countries of the UN-COP, business persons, scientists, and members of indigenous and local communities and activists.
compensation (noun) – payment, repayment, settlement (for loss/damage).
draw to a close/an end (phrase) – to come to an end; to finish.
bear the brunt (phrase) – to suffer/get the worst (bad) part of some action.
climate change (noun) – a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth (Courtesy: NASA).
pre-industrial level (noun) – In principle, ‘pre-industrial levels’ could refer to any period of time before the start of the industrial revolution. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C uses the reference period 1850–1900 to represent pre-industrial temperature.
limited (adjective) – little, slight, insufficient, inadequate.
project (verb) – predict, estimate, calculate, gauge, reckon, expect.
train one’s guns on (phrase) – it (figuratively) means to give close (possibly hostile) attention to something; targeting someone/something.
implementation (noun) – imposition, enforcement, execution, carrying out.
decisively (adverb) – emphatically, resoundingly, conclusively, markedly, definitely.
bulk (of) (noun) – most, larger part, larger number.
historical (adjective) – of past events.
historical emissions (noun) – the total quantity of CO2 emissions emitted from past centuries, measured in metric tons.
make good on something (phrase) – do what you say, keep a promise, fulfill an obligation/commitment.
fossil fuel (noun) – non renewable resources (or fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are formed from the buried/deposited organic materials).
despite (preposition) – notwithstanding, in spite of, regardless of.
negotiations (noun) – discussions, talks, dialogue, consultation, deliberation.
deadlock (noun) – stalemate, impasse, checkmate/stand-off.
decade (noun) – a period of ten years.
movement (noun) – campaign, drive.
Vanuatu (proper noun) – an island nation (a group of more than 80 islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and west of Fiji. It, previously known as the New Hebrides Islands, achieved independence from France and Britain in 1980.
alliance (noun) – association, union, partnership.
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) (noun) – Since 1990, AOSIS has represent the interests of the 39 small island and low-lying coastal developing states in international climate change, sustainable development negotiations and processes. AOSIS plays an integral role in carrying out advocacy for small island states and influencing international environmental policy. A priority area of advocacy for AOSIS has been global climate change and its detrimental socio-economic and environmental effects on small island states.
fruition (noun) – realization, achievement, accomplishment/completion.
vulnerable (adjective) – unprotected, ill-protected, endangered, unguarded; in jeopardy, at risk.
mitigation (noun) – moderation, reduction, decrease, eradication.
greenhouse gas (GHGs) (noun) – heat-trapping gas; a gas (such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation, causing the greenhouse effect and warming of Earth’s temperature. (Courtesy: VOA Learning English).
adaptation (noun) – alteration, modification, adjustment. (adjustments in ecological, social, or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts. It refers to changes in processes, practices, and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change).
buffer (verb) – lessen, diminish, moderate, mitigate, reduce (a shock) or protects somebody/something against difficulties).
livelihood (noun) – means of making a living with the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing); means of support, subsistence, source of income.
biodiversity (noun) – the existence of a number and variety of species (plants & animals) in a particular geographic region/environment.
broaden (verb) – widen, increase, enlarge.
text (noun) – point, issue, subject, topic.
set up (phrasal verb) – create, start, begin, initiate.
nominal (adjective) – official, formal.
donate (verb) – pay up, give, contribute, fork out, shell out.
contribute (verb) – play a part in, be instrumental in, be a factor in.
ground (noun) – reason.
open up (phrasal verb) – make something present, to make something available, or to make something accessible.
occasion (noun) – time, moment.
acrimony (noun) – bitterness, hostility, resentment.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
barely (adverb) – hardly, scarcely, only just, almost not.
make one’s way (phrase) – go/proceed to a particular place.
ought to (modal verb) – must, should.
momentum (noun) – energy, strength, impetus.
credible (adjective) – trustworthy, reliable, dependable; believable, plausible, reasonable.
catalyst (noun) – stimulus, motivation, fillip/encouragement.
pyrrhic (adjective) – (of a victory) meaningless, valueless/worthless, useless.