The Hindu Editorial (Disorder at the border) – Jun 18, 2020

With the deaths of at least 20 Indian soldiers, and reports of Chinese soldier casualties in clashes at the Galwan valley in Ladakh,… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Disorder at the border) – Jun 18, 2020.

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Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Disorder at the border) – Jun 18, 2020

1. disorder (noun) – unrest, disturbance, turmoil, chaos, mayhem.
2. face-off (noun) – clash, conflict, confrontation, skirmish.
3. disengagement (noun) – withdrawal, departure, retreat (of military troops).
4. Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun) – the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).
5. casualty (noun) – victim, fatality, mortality. 
6. uncharted (adjective) – unexplored, unknown, unfamiliar, strange.
7. uncharted territory (phrase) – unknown area.
8. brutality (noun) – cruelty, wickedness, harshness, savagery.
9. incur (verb) – suffer, sustain, experience, bring upon oneself.
10. unheard (adjective) – unfamiliar, unknown.
11. thus far (phrase) – until then, up to that point.
12. disengage (verb) – withdraw, pull out/pull back, step back (military troops).
13. de-escalate (verb) – diminish, lessen/decrease, dwindle (the intensity of a conflict).
14. stand-off (noun) – deadlock, stalemate, impasse (in a dispute/conflict).
15. sovereignty (noun) – authority, control, influence, sway.
16. unlikely (adjective) – not likely, improbable, questionable.
17. pull back (phrasal verb) – withdraw, retreat, disengage.
18. hitherto (adverb) – previously, earlier, so far/thus far, until now.
19. non-contentious (adjective) – non-disputed, non-controversial, non-contended.
20. countenance (verb) – tolerate, permit, agree, admit (as acceptable).
21. call on (phrasal verb) – appeal to, demand/ask, request.
22. premeditated (adjective) – intentional, deliberate, pre-planned.
23. entrench (verb) – settle, establish, embed, install.
24. Finger area (noun) – The 134 km of Pangong lake’s northern bank juts/extends out like a palm, and the various protrusions/projections are identified as “fingers” to demarcate territory. While India asserts that the LAC (Line of Actual Control) starts at Finger 8, China claims it starts at Finger 2, which India dominates. (Courtesy: The Print).
25. ridge (noun) – a ridge or a mountain ridge is a geographical feature consisting of a chain of mountains or hills that form a continuous elevated crest (peak) for some distance.
26. pass (noun) – a navigable (passable) route (road/passage) through a mountain range.
27. harden (verb) – solidify, strengthen, reinforce; toughen.
28. befitting (adjective) – fitting, appropriate, suitable.
29. in vain (phrase) – without success, with no result, futile, useless.
30. extract/exact revenge (phrase) – to inflict punishment upon someone who has harmed you.
31. apprise (verb) – inform, notify, tell, update.
32. put an end to (phrase) – eliminate, stop, block.
33. put out (phrasal verb) – publish, release, publicize/circulate.
34. accountability (noun) – responsibility, liability, answerability.
35. enforce (verb) – force, compel, demand, insist on.
36. reaffirm (verb) – assert, state, assure again strongly.
37. means (noun) – way, method, procedure.
38. acknowledge (verb) – admit, accept, recognize, realize.
39. precarious (adjective) – uncertain/unsure, insecure, dangerous/risky.
40. undo (verb) – defeat, foil, ruin, make a mess of, cripple, impair.
41. painstakingly (adverb) – with great care & thoroughness.
42. confidence-building measures/mechanisms (noun) – confidence-building measures (CBMs) are planned procedures to prevent hostilities, to avert escalation, to reduce military tension, and to build mutual trust between countries.
43. status quo ante (phrase) – a Latin phrase meaning “the  state of affairs existing before” (or) “the way things were before”.
44. reparations (noun) – compensation paid after a war by the defeated country for the damage.
45. abide by (verb) – conform to, adhere to, comply with.

Note:  

 1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purpose only and they may vary in different context. 

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

Today’s word list-1 The Hindu Editorial (Disorder at the border) – Jun 18, 2020:

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