The Hindu Editorial (Chilling effect) – Mar 25, 2023

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The Hindu Editorial (Chilling effect) – Mar 25, 2023:

chilling (adjective) – frightening, terrifying, disturbing/horrifying.
defamation (noun) – it is defined as spoken or written words or visible representations, concerning any person intended to harm his/her reputation; character assassination, libel, misrepresentation, vilification, backbiting, abuse, scandalmongering, malicious gossip.
free speech (noun) – the right to express one’s opinions publicly (without any restraint).
conviction (noun) – sentence, judgement, verdict.
flag (verb) – indicate, point out, identify; draw attention to something.
abolish (verb) – quash, get rid of, discard, remove, eliminate, discontinue, cancel.
rigour (noun) – strictness, severity, sternness, harshness, rigidity, inflexibility.
tribulations (noun) – problems, troubles, difficulties.
bedevil (verb) – afflict, torment, trouble, harass, persecute.
jibe (noun) – barb, dig, slur, slight, insinuation, cutting/mocking remark, insult, affront.
defamatory (adjective) – defaming, abusive, mud-slinging, disparaging, insulting.
sentence (verb) – pass judgement on, impose a sentence on, pronounce sentence on, mete out punishment to, punish, convict.
amount to (verb) – be equal to, be equivalent to, be tantamount to, represent.
defame (verb) – libel, slander, insult, tarnish, back-bite, disparage, denigrate, discredit, slur.
in particular (phrase) – specifically, especially, particularly.
expression (noun) – utterance, statement, pronouncement.
Indian Penal Code (IPC) (noun) – The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the official criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law. The draft was passed into law on 6 October 1860. The Code came into operation on 1 January 1862. The Indian Penal Code of 1860, sub-divided into 23 chapters, comprises 511 sections. IPC deals with crimes and punishments.
Section 499 of the IPC (noun) – it states that any words spoken, read, or gestured with the intention of harming a person’s reputation is to be considered defamation and attract legal punishments.
Section 500 of the IPC (noun) – it states that a person found guilty of this crime “shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.”
with reference to (phrase) – with regard to, with respect to, regarding.
identifiable (adjective) – distinguishable, recognizable, known, discernible.
proceeding (noun) – legal action, legal proceedings, lawsuit, case; trial, hearing.
alleged (adjective) – supposed, so-called, claimed, professed, reported, ostensible.
sustain (verb) – validate, uphold, affirm, confirm, verify, prove, justify.
aggrieved (adjective) – disgruntled, dissatisfied, unhappy, upset, annoyed, disappointed.
complainant (noun) – litigator, appellant, claimant, plaintiff.
aggrieve (verb) – disgruntle, dissatisfy, be unhappy, be upset, be annoyed, disappoint.
slur (noun) – jibe, barb, dig, slight, insinuation, cutting/mocking remark, insult, affront.
troubling (adjective) – upsetting, disturbing, concerning, irritating.
statute (noun) – law, act, decree, bill, Act of Parliament, fiat, dictum, resolution, ruling, rule, ordinance.
prescribe (verb) – stipulate, lay down, determine, establish, formulate.
trial court (noun) – a court of law where cases are tried at first. (try means to investigate and decide (a case) in a formal trial).
discretion (noun) – liking, wish, desire, preference, disposition. choice.
in proportion (phrase) – according to a particular, correct or appropriate relationship between things with regard to, size, quantity, number, etc.
gravity (noun) – importance, top priority, necessity, exigency, seriousness.
indeterminate (adjective) – undetermined, undefined, unspecified, indefinite, unspecific, indistinct.
grave (adjective) – terrible ,awful serious; crucial/critical, important/significant.
as to (phrase) – with reference to, with regard to; regarding, concerning someone or something.
warrant (verb) – justify, validate, uphold, endorse, call for, legitimize, support.
correctness (noun) – morality, rightness, propriety, appropriateness, good manners, decency.
cost (noun) – loss, suffering, drawback, disadvantage.
the House (noun) – parliament.
lasting (adjective) – long-term, constant, continuing, unending, persistent, permanent, indelible.
stay (verb) – stop, delay, or prevent something temporarily (a judicial proceeding/trial through the order of a court).
stay (order) (noun) – it is defined as the act of temporarily stopping or postponing any judicial proceeding through the court or legal authorities in India, in order to secure the rights of a citizen.
suspension (noun) – termination, elimination, removal, rejection.
fret (verb) – worry, be upset, be distressed; trouble, bother, make anxious, disturb.
fret over (someone or something) (phrase) – to feel anxious, disturbed, troubled or concerned about someone or something; to be vexed, to be annoyed.
criminalisation (noun) – the process of making something as a illegal/illegitimate one.
hate speech (noun) – abusive or disrespectful speech.
ironic (adjective) – strange, unexpected, odd, paradoxical.
overwhelm (verb) – affect, disturb, shake, devastate, blow away.
offence (noun) – crime, wrongdoing, illegal act, misdeed; breach, violation of the law.
at all (phrase) – in any way; to any extent.
legacy (noun) – something received from a predecessor or from the past.
authority (noun) – the government, the establishment, the system, the bureaucracy, the powers that be.
contemporary (adjective) – present-day, current, modern.
tool (noun) – device, mechanism, gimmick, instrument, apparatus.
suppress (verb) – crack down on, clamp down on, repress, overpower, crush, conquer; prevent, halt, destroy, stifle, obstruct, impede.
misdeed (noun) – criminal act, illegal act, crime, misconduct, offence.
uphold (verb) – confirm, endorse/approve, vindicate/validate.
regard (noun) – consideration, concern, thought, attention, interest.
opposition (noun) – resistance, objection, dissent, criticism.
dismay (noun) – shock, surprise, distress, anxiety, concern.