The Hindu Editorial (Caught in the crossfire) – Nov 10, 2021

An Indian fisherman was killed in firing by the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) off Gujarat on November 7. This is the first such killing by the PMSA in the last six years though conflicts over fishing rights… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Caught in the crossfire) – Nov 10, 2021.

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The Hindu Editorial (Caught in the crossfire) – Nov 10, 2021:

caught in a crossfire (phrase) – get involved in an (argumentative &) unpleasant/difficult situation.
deterioration (noun) – decline, collapse, failure, degradation, degeneration, breakdown.
ties (noun) – relationship, association, connection.
Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) (noun) – a coast guard branch of the Pakistan Navy.
off (adverb) – away from the place.
infrequent (adjective) – rare, uncommon, unusual, irregular, exceptional, few and far between.
International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) (noun) – it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits and zones (such as the territorial sea (12 nautical miles), contiguous zone (24 nautical miles), exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles), and the continental shelf within and beyond 200 nautical miles). Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdiction’s coastline under the United Nations Convention on Law of Sea (UNCLOS).
reportedly (adverb) – supposedly, seemingly, apparently, allegedly.
detain (verb) – take into custody, arrest, imprison, incarcerate.
shore (noun) – seashore, seaside, coast.
deplorable (adjective) – disgraceful, shameful, unpardonable, unacceptable.
contravention (noun) – breach, violation, infringement, breaking, transgression.
practice (noun) – custom, procedure, convention, rule.
bilateral (adjective) – involving two groups or countries.
understanding (noun) – agreement, deal, settlement, pact.
summon (verb) – call for, ask for, request/demand the presence of, demand the presence of; demand urgently.
diplomat (noun) – ambassador, envoy, emissary, consul.
refrain from (verb) – stop from doing something; abstain, desist, hold back.
unprovoked (adjective) – unjustified, without reason, uncalled for, unwarranted.
lodge (verb) – put up, take in.
sunk past tense of sink (verb) – founder, go under, submerge, capsize; cause (a ship/boat) to sink.
onboard (adverb) – on or in an aircraft, train, ship or boat.
rescue (verb) – save.
go missing (phrase) – to become lost; to disappear.
be get caught (up) in (phrase) – to become involved in (a situation).
fluctuating (adjective) – unsteady, mercurial, unpredictable, unsettled, unstable, variable, volatile.
National Fishworkers Forum (NFF) (noun) – The National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF), registered under the Trade Union Act of India, is the only national federation of state level small and traditional fish workers’ unions of India. NFF has affiliated organizations in all the coastal states and union territories of the Indian mainland. NFF fights to protect the life and livelihood of the fishing communities and its basic source – fisheries resources, biodiversity and natural environment.
vessel (noun) – ship, yacht, boat.
imprisoned (adjective) – incarcerated, jailed, locked up, in custody, confined, detained, held captive.
penury (noun) – extreme poverty, destitution, privation/hardship.
consular (adjective) – diplomatic.
the Indo-Pak joint judicial committee (the Indo-Pak JJC) (noun) – it is composed of eight retired judges – four each from India and Pakistan – charged with investigating the situation of civilians imprisoned in the jails of the other country and to obtain and facilitate their release, especially that of fishermen imprisoned for straying across territorial waters. The Committee was formed in January 2007.
facilitate (verb) – make easy, make possible, enable, assist, help; expedite, speed up, accelerate.
mechanism (noun) – procedure, process, method, technique.
defunct (adjective) – disused, no longer in use, unused, inoperative, non-functioning.
revive (verb) – bring back, re-establish, restore.
bear fruit (phrase) – yield/get results, succeed, be effective.
civilian (noun) – non-military person, ordinary citizen.
hotspot (noun) – a place of significant activity.
venture (verb) – travel, set out, go, move.
maritime (adjective) – of or related to the sea.
fall victim to (phrase) – be hurt by, be damaged by; become affected with.
cordial (adjective) – friendly, warm, affable, amiable, pleasant, affectionate, warm-hearted, good-natured.
theatre (noun) – place of action, arena.
reconcile (verb) – make compatible, harmonize, cause to be in agreement; adjust, balance, attune.
sphere (noun) – an area of activity; a field of activity; domain, realm.
aggressively (adverb) – vigorously, strongly, powerfully, intensely.
sponsor (verb) – support, back, promote (with finance/fund).
sail (verb) – travel, navigate, steer; go by water, go by sea.
end up (phrasal verb) – arrive, find oneself, turn up, come, go, appear.
livelihood (noun) – means of making a living with the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing); means of support, subsistence, source of income.
humanitarian crisis (noun) – it is also called as humanitarian disaster; a situation with high levels of human suffering in which basic human welfare is in danger on a large scale.
escalation (noun) – intensification, aggravation, exacerbation.
tension (noun) – strained relations; strain, stress, pressure, unease.
on account of (phrase) – because of, owing to, due to.