The Hindu Editorial (Another beginning) – Apr 14, 2021

As India grapples with a vaccine shortage, the Drug Controller General of India has formally approved another vaccine candidate — Sputnik V — under emergency use authorisation. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Another beginning) – Apr 14, 2021.

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The Hindu Editorial (Another beginning) – Apr 14, 2021:

vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
vigilance (noun) – careful observation, surveillance.
pharmacovigilance (noun) – the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine related problem. All medicines and vaccines undergo rigorous testing for safety and efficacy through clinical trials before they are authorized for use. Courtesy: WHO
vital (adjective) – key, essential, important.
grapple with (verb) – tackle, confront, deal with, cope with.
Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) (noun) – Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) is a department of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) of the Government of India responsible for approval of licences of specified categories of drugs such as vaccines, and etc. in India. Drugs Controller General of India, comes under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. DCGI also sets standards for the manufacturing, sales, import, and distribution of drugs in India.
candidate vaccine or vaccine candidate (noun) – a “potential” vaccine prepared in the research and development (R&D) centres and it can be used in human clinical trials.
Sputnik V (noun) – a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow and registered by the Russian Ministry of Health.
authorisation (noun) – approval, sanction, permission, consent, clearance.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
strategy (noun) – plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, health and security interests).
hinge on (verb) – depend on, be based, be dependent.
Oxford vaccine/Covishield (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, UK Ltd. (named Covishield in India). Serum Institute of India (SII), a biotechnology company has partnered with global pharma giant AstraZeneca and Oxford University for this vaccine candidate ‘Covidshield’.
Covaxin (noun) – India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate (COVAXIN) developed by a Hyderabad-based company (Bharat Biotech) in collaboration with the ICMR (The Indian Council of Medical Research).
regulatory agency (noun) – an independent governmental body established by legislative act in order to set standards in a specific field of activity, or operations, in the private sector of the economy and then to enforce those standards.
human trial/clinical trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes.
parallel (adjective) – equivalent, similar.
bridging trial (noun) – a supplemental study. (a bridging study on a medicine is an additional study executed in the new region to “build a bridge” with the foreign clinical data on safety, efficacy, and dose response).
trial (noun) – test, pilot study, experiment (phase 1, 2,3, and or human/clinical trial).
candidate vaccine BNT162b2 (noun) – mRNA-based vaccine candidate produced by Pfizer and BioNTech.
regulator (noun) – an association that supervises a particular business activity.
sticking point (noun) – obstacle, bone of contention; a problem or issue that makes you can’t move beyond and it stops all progress and you are stuck.
untoward (adjective) – unexpected, unanticipated, inappropriate, inconvenient.
geography (noun) – (particularly in business) region.
necessitate (verb) – make necessary, require, call for.
in the first place (phrase) – at the beginning.
rush through (phrasal verb) – to deal with/act on something very quickly.
contribute to (verb) – make for, lead to, cause, give rise to, play a part in.
hesitancy (noun) – reluctance, unwillingness, disinclination.
vaccine hesitancy (noun) – a reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated or to have one’s children vaccinated; reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines.
take one’s cue from (phrase) – follow the example of; follow the advice of.
concede (verb) – admit, acknowledge, accept, recognize.
Atmanirbhar (noun) – Hindi: “self-reliance” or “self-sufficiency”.
vaccinate (verb) – inoculate, administer, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
translate into (verb) – change, convert, alter.
tie up (phrasal verb) – to have a business deal/agreement/arrangement.
bidder (noun) – a person who makes an offer (formal one) for something.
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something.
(large) fraction (noun) – a (large) proportion/part/amount of something.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
ebb (verb) – diminish, decrease, fade away, disappear.
scale up (phrasal verb) – increase, expand, augment; step up.
uphill (adjective) – arduous, difficult, hard/tough, taxing, demanding.
paucity (noun) – insufficiency, deficiency, shortage.
ventilator (noun) – a respirator, a device (used for a patient to breathe).
black marketing (noun) – the illegal trade of goods and services.
proportion (noun) – size/magnitude.
inevitably (adverb) – unavoidably, certainly, definitely.
adverse (adjective) – unfavourable, disadvantageous, bad.
step up (phrasal verb) – increase, intensify, strengthen, augment.
ease up on (phrasal verb) – do something in a less stringent way.
facilitate (verb) – make easy, make possible; assist, help/aid.