Lines of defence – The Hindu (April 19, 2017)

Lines of defence – The Hindu (April 19, 2017)

n the face of extreme and unreasonable complaints against Electronic Voting Machines by a number of political parties,… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”.

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Courtesy: The Hindu

Word List-1:

1. line of defence (phrase) – way of defending.
2. in the face of (phrase) – in spite of, notwithstanding, despite.
3. corroborate (verb) – confirm, verify, validate.
4. audit trail (noun) – audit log; a series of paper, electronic files, and other such records that show how transactions are dealt with by an organization from beginning to end.
5. Voter-verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT)  – it is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballot-less voting system. it consists of physical paper records of voter ballots as voters have cast them on an electronic voting system.
6. interpret (verb) – understand, construe, see.
7. context (noun) – circumstances, conditions, surroundings.
8. brush off (phrasal verb) – rebuff, dismiss, reject.
9. clutch (noun) – group, set, collection.
10. tamper (verb) – interfere, meddle (to cause damage to something).
11. manipulation (noun) – plot, trick/tactic, intrigue/stratagem.
12. encrypt (verb) – convert data/information into code; encode.
13. burnt (past participle of burn) – produce (a disc/chip) by copying original.
14. standalone (adjective) – separate, unconnected.
15. lay down (phrasal verb) – formulate, stipulate; prescribe.
16. accountability (noun) – responsibility, liability, answerability.
17. indigenously (adverb) – in an indigenous (originating from native/local) manner, something is produced in a particular region/country.
18. embed (verb) – design and build (a microchip) as an integral part of a machine/device.
19. glib (adjective) – plausible, slick, thoughtless/superficial.
20. rigging (noun) – an act of manipulating/intriguing/conduct fraudulently, particularly elections.
21. stuffing (noun) – an act of placing bogus (fake) votes in (a ballot box).
22. revert (verb) – return, go back, regress.
23. regressive (adjective) – retrograde/unprogressive, negative, unwelcome.
24. quietus (noun) – something that calms/quiets/soothes.

Notes:

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purpose only and they may vary in different context. Use it with the corresponding article published on the source (website) via the link provided. 

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