The Hindu Editorial (Warming warning) – May 19, 2023

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The Hindu Editorial (Warming warning) – May 19, 2023:

meteorological (adjective) – relating to the branch of science that deals with phenomena (events) of the atmosphere or weather.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (noun) – As a specialized agency of the United Nations, WMO is dedicated to international cooperation and coordination on the state and behaviour of the Earth’s atmosphere, its interaction with the land and oceans, the weather and climate it produces, and the resulting distribution of water resources. Headquarters location: Geneva, Switzerland.
projection (noun) – prediction, indication, forecast, prognosis, speculation, calculation (of future events or trends).
infrastructure (noun) – the basic physical or organisational structure or framework that a country or organization needs in order to function properly. For a whole nation, it includes all the physical systems such as buildings, roads & railways networks, utilities, etc.
defence (noun) – protection, shielding, safeguarding.
decade (noun) – a period of ten years.
mean (adjective/noun) – average, median.
pre-industrial level (noun) – In principle, ‘pre-industrial levels’ could refer to any period of time before the start of the industrial revolution. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C uses the reference period 1850–1900 to represent pre-industrial temperature.
unlikely (adjective) – doubtful, implausible, improbable, questionable.
threshold (noun) – it is an amount, level, or limit of something; lower limit.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (noun) – The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.
unbreached (adjective) – not breached/violated/broken, intact.
consequence (noun) – result, outcome, ramification, repercussion.
global warming (noun) – it is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels.
summit (noun) – meeting, conference, conclave (of heads of government/state).
rubicon (noun) – critical point, decisive point, turning point.
poise (verb) – get into position, be ready, be prepared to do something.
on record (phrase) – state it publicly.
on fire (phrase) – burning, blazing, raging, fiery.
El Nino (noun) – abnormal warming; A warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to become reduced while rainfall increases over the tropical Pacific Ocean.
La Niña (noun) – abnormal cooling. A cooling of the ocean surface, or below-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to increase while rainfall decreases over the central tropical Pacific Ocean.
Neutral (climate phenomenon) (noun) – Neither El Niño or La Niña. Often tropical Pacific SSTs are generally close to average.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (noun) – pronounced “en-so”; a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. “ENSO” is a nice catchall acronym for all three states (El Nino, La Nino & Neutral).
Southern Oscillation (noun) – large-scale changes in sea level pressure across Indonesia and the tropical Pacific.
equatorial (adjective) – near the equator; tropical; relating to the region of the Earth near to the equator and between the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.
brace (for) (verb) – prepare oneself for something difficult/unpleasant that is imminent (about to happen).
India Meteorological Department (IMD) (noun) – an agency under the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India which is responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and distributing warnings for tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
human-induced (adjective) – caused by human activities.
climate change (noun) – a long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.
uncharted (adjective) – unexplored, unknown, unfamiliar, strange.
uncharted territory/zone (phrase) – unknown area.
context (noun) – conditions, circumstances, situation, background.
Cyclone Mocha (noun) – was a powerful and deadly tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean which hit the coastlines of Bangladesh and Myanmar in May 2023.
barrel (verb) – move very fast; travel very quickly; rush, hurry, dash, hasten, hare, sweep, whizz.
claim (verb) – take, cause the loss of.
wrought (verb) – (old) past and past participle of work (verb) – cause, effect.
end up (phrasal verb) – finish up, turn up, come/appear, find oneself (to a particular course of action in the end).
anomaly (noun) – something that is different, abnormal or unusual from what normally/usually happens; oddity, abnormality, peculiarity, aberration, eccentricity, exception, deviation, divergence, departure.
resilience (noun) – the ability to bounce back quickly from difficulties; strength of character, strength, toughness, buoyancy, adaptability.
far more (noun) – much more.
bolster (verb) – strengthen, support, make stronger, reinforce, buttress.
the need of the hour (phrase) – some (urgent) need/requirement/demand at a particular point of time.