The Hindu Editorial (Invented names) – Apr 05, 2023

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The Hindu Editorial (Invented names) – Apr 05, 2023:

invented (adjective) – fabricated, devised, manufactured, concocted.
lay claim to/over (phrase) – say officially that something is belonging to you.
ties (noun) – association, relationship, bond, connection.
summarily (adverb) – immediately, instantly, straight away.
civil affairs (plural noun) – activities, matters and operations of the civil (non-military) population of a territory.
standardise (verb) – systematize, regulate.
consistently (verb) – always, generally, constantly, continually.
transliteration (noun) – conversion of a word’s alphabet (a set of letters) from one language to another language to pronounce that word as in the source language. Transliteration is different from translation and it will not provide meaning for the word (like names of people or places).
latitude (noun) – a measurement of distance, given in degrees north or south from the equator. Sentences: The North Pole is at 90°N (90 degrees North) latitude. We use the lines of latitude on the map to see how far north or south a place is from the equator.
longitude (noun) – a measurement of distance, given in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. The prime meridian is at 0° (0 degrees) longitude.
pertain (verb) – concern, relate to, be connected with, be relevant to.
leave little doubt that (phrase) – to make people sure/certain about something.
deliberate (adjective) – intentional, calculated, conscious, done on purpose, knowing, wanton, purposeful, premeditated, pre-planned, prearranged, preconceived, predetermined.
affront (noun) – offence, violation, provocation, outrage insult.
sovereignty (noun) – a country’s independent authority and the right to govern itself.
mirror (verb) – imitate, copy, reproduce, mimic, echo.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
move (noun) – action, act, measure, step.
retaliation (noun) – counterattack; vengeance, revenge/retribution.
China’s Land and State Border Law (noun) – it lays down provisions for border protection and integration of border areas. On October 23, 2023, China adopted a land border law, which has taken effect on January 1, 2022; it has 62 articles and seven chapters.
virtually (adverb) – practically, effectively, in effect, actually, in reality.
reassert (verb) – confirm again, reaffirm.
as a whole (phrase) – all in all, all together, in its entirety, completely, entirely, fully, in general.
rebuff (verb) – reject, refuse, decline, ignore, turn down, dismiss, brush off.
People’s Liberation Army (PLA) (noun) – People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the country of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC). It is one of the largest military forces in the world.
Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun) – the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
hold (verb) – arrange, organize, convene (a meeting).
G-20 (noun) – The G20, formed in 1999, is a group of twenty of the world’s largest economies that meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues. It brings together the world’s major advanced and emerging economies. The G20 comprises Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, EU, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK and USA. The G20 Countries together represent around 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population.
G-20 engagement group (noun) – Engagement Groups, comprising non-government participants from each G20 member, provide recommendations to the G20 Leaders and contribute towards the policy-making process.
embassy (noun) – An embassy is larger and more important than a consulate and is described as a permanent diplomatic mission, which is generally located in a country’s capital city. An embassy is responsible for representing the home country, for handling major diplomatic issues (such as negotiations), and for preserving the rights of its citizens abroad.
boycott (verb) – reject, avoid, shun, abstain from, stay away from.
above all (phrase) – most importantly, beyond everything, first of all, most of all, primarily.
reflect (verb) – indicate, display, show, demonstrate.
nadir (noun) – the lowest point, the all-time low, the bottom.
lack of (noun) – absence, non-existence, unavailability.
dialogue (noun) – discussions, talks, negotiations, consultation, deliberation.
amass (verb) – accumulate, collect, gather.
transgression (noun) – infringement, contravention, breach, violation, overstepping.
led to past participle of lead to (verb) – result in, cause, bring on, bring about, give rise to.
scuffle (noun) –tussle, fight, skirmish, clash, quarrel, squabble, contention.
encounter (noun) – conflict, confrontation, fight/clash.
ensue (verb) – occur, happen, take place, develop, come after (as a result of something).
disengagement (noun) – withdrawal, departure, retreat (of military troops from an area of conflict).
standoff (noun) – deadlock, stalemate, impasse (in a dispute/conflict).
resume (verb) – restart, start again, recommence, take up again, renew.
briefly (adverb) – for a very short period of time; quickly, shortly.
summit (noun) – meeting, conference, conclave (between heads of government).
in light of (phrase) – taking into consideration, considering, taking into account, bearing in mind, keeping in mind, taking note of, in view of
belligerence (noun) – hostility, aggression, combativeness, warmongering, hawkishness.
thus far (phrase) – until now, up to this point, up to the present, to date.
persistent (adjective) – continuous, constant, non-stop, unending, unceasing.
Line of Actual Control (LAC) (noun) – the de-facto (effective) border between India and China. The LAC is a 4,057-km border running through three areas-Western (Ladakh, Ladakh (Kashmir)), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal).
course of action (phrase) – plan, plan of action, move, stratagem.
counter (verb) – combat, confront, stand up to, oppose, resist, rebuff, rebut, repel.
narrative (noun) – a representation of a particular situation; portrayal, account, description, statement.
firmly (adverb) – without doubt; definitely.