The Hindu Editorial (Inevitable collapse) – Sep 02, 2020

The inevitable has happened. India’s GDP suffered its steepest contraction on record in the April-June quarter,… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Inevitable collapse) – Sep 02, 2020.

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Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Inevitable collapse) – Sep 02, 2020:

inevitable (adjective) – unavoidable, unpreventable.
steepest (superlative adjective) of steep (adjective) – sharp, sudden, rapid.
contraction (noun) – In economics, it refers to a decline in national output as measured by gross domestic product.
Gross domestic product (GDP) (noun) – a measure of economic activity in a country. It is the total value of a country’s annual output of goods and service.
hit (verb) – affect badly, devastate, damage, ruin.
private consumption or consumption expenditure (noun) – the spending by households (consumers) on goods and services, excluding new housing.
hinge on (verb) – depend on, be based, be dependent.
government expenditure or public spending (noun) – money spent by the government.
on record (phrase) – officially documented/measured.
shrank past of shrink (verb) – lessen, reduce, decrease.
provisional (adjective) – interim, transitional, temporary.
stringent (adjective) – strict/stern, severe, tough/rigorous.
lockdown (noun) – an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority.
in force (phrase) – in effect, in action, operational, effective.
substantially (adverb) – considerably, significantly, largely.
hollow out (verb) – remove, undermine, weaken, erode.
account for (phrasal verb) – constitute, make up, comprise, form.
contract (verb) – decline, decrease, diminish, reduce.
abjure (verb) – renounce, give up, relinquish, reject/forgo.
discretionary (adjective) – optional, non-compulsory, voluntary, non-mandatory.
reflect (verb) – indicate, show, reveal, exhibit.
worst-hit (adjective) – affected severely.
conserve (verb) – preserve, protect, save.
refrain from (verb) – stop oneself, abstain, desist from, hold back.
in the face of (phrase) – despite, notwithstanding, regardless of; when confronted with.
uncertainty (noun) – unpredictability, unreliability, riskiness/precariousness.
prioritise (verb) – make a point of, highlight, call attention to (something as very important).
solitary (adjective) – single, lone, sole, only, one.
outpace (verb) – surpass, outshine, do better than.
expansion (noun) – development, growth.
plunge (verb) – fall/drop, plummet, tumble, nosedive suddenly & uncontrollably.
omnibus (adjective) – the Latin word literally meaning “for all”; consisting several parts/items.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
take a beating (phrase) – suffer damage.
deem (verb) – regard as, consider; view as.
evaporate (verb) – vanish, fade, disappear, contract, lessen.
amid (preposition) – in the middle of, surrounded by; during.
leave (to) (verb) – entrust, hand over, pass on.
the bottom falls out (phrase) – used to refer to a disastrous loss or collapse of something.
mitigation (noun) – alleviation, reduction; lessening.
year-on-year (adjective) – year over year (for comparison).
blow (noun) – misfortune, setback, disappointment; shock, jolt.
fiscal deficit (noun) – the difference between total expenditure and total income of the government.
unlikely (adjective) – not likely, improbable, questionable.
unless (conjunction) – used to talk about a situation that could happen, or something that could be true, in the future.
of course (phrase) – certainly, absolutely; as you would expect, needless to say.
forsake (verb) – renounce, give up, abandon/discard.
vaunted (adjective) – acclaimed, highly rated, admired.
fiscal conservatism (noun) – a political position that calls for lower levels of public spending, lower taxes and lower government debt.
mobilise (verb) – (of resources) bring into use.
trajectory (noun) – course, track, direction, route.
erosion (noun) – destruction, deterioration, decline, weakening.
retard (verb) – delay, hold back, postpone.
momentum (noun) – strength, energy, force.
IHS Markit (noun) – it is a global leader in information, analytics and solutions for the major industries and markets that drive economies worldwide. It partners with clients in business, finance and government to help them see the big picture with unrivaled insights that lead to well-informed, confident decisions.
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) (noun) – Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) is a monthly business survey data provided by IHS Markit. The monthly data are derived from surveys of senior executives at private sector companies. PMI data is used for accurate and timely insight into the health of a particular economy. The PMI data are used by financial and corporate professionals to better understand where economies and markets are headed, and to uncover opportunities.
signal (verb) – indicate, communicate, express, signify.
stress (verb) – pressurize, burden, overtax, strain.
shed (verb) – get rid of, discard, throw out, drop, abandon.
significantly (adverb) – notably, importantly, seriously, crucially.
undergo (verb) – go through, experience, be subjected to, engage in.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
swathe (noun) – a wide area of something.
informal sector (noun) – informal economy, grey economy is the part of an economy that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.
headwinds (noun) – (in business) situations or conditions that make growth harder/difficult. Whereas tailwinds describe a situation or condition that will move growth, revenues, or profits higher.
farm market (noun) – a physical retail marketplace intended to sell foods directly by farmers to consumers.
ordinance (noun) – (local) order, decree, directive/regulation.
play out (phrasal verb) – happen, occur, take place.
(light at) the end of the tunnel (phrase) – a hopeful sign/indication that a bad or unpleasant situation will end soon.
sight (verb) – notice, observe, spot, discern, detect.