The Hindu Editorial (Bumps ahead) – Apr 21, 2022

In its latest World Economic Outlook report, the IMF has pared global growth hopes for 2022 from 4.4% projected in January, to just 3.6%, a sharp decline from the estimate of 6.1% for 2021. For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Bumps ahead) – Apr 21, 2022.

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The Hindu Editorial (Bumps ahead) – Apr 21, 2022:

bump (noun) – projection, outgrowth, growth.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) (noun) – an international organization of 189 countries, headquartered in Washington, D.C., working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
forecast (noun) – prediction, indication, projection, prognosis, speculation, calculation (of future events or trends).
flag (verb) – indicate, identify, point out; draw attention to.
World Economic Outlook (WEO) (noun) – A Survey by the IMF staff usually published twice a year in the months of April and October. It presents IMF staff economists’ analyses of global economic developments during the near and medium term.
pare (verb) – reduce, diminish, decrease.
project (verb) – forecast, predict, estimate, calculate, gauge, reckon, expect.
invasion (noun) – occupation, conquering, capture, seizure, annexation, annexing, takeover.
dampen (verb) – decrease, diminish/lessen, reduce.
prospects (noun) – chances, possibilities, expectations, outlook, future.
highlight (verb) – underline, emphasize, underscore.
volatile (adjective) – unpredictable, turbulent, uncertain, inconstant.
supply chain (noun) – a dynamic network when a company purchases or uses goods or services from others. It involves people, information, processes, and resources involved in the production, handling, and distribution of materials and finished products or providing a service to the customer.
disruption (noun) – disturbance, interference, interruption.
pandemic-driven (adjective) – caused by the pandemic.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
lockdown (noun) – an emergency protocol implemented by the authorities that prevents people from leaving from a place; An extended state of confinement/encirclement/isolation of a person by the authority.
hub (noun) – a central facility; centre of activity; centre of network; centre of region.
compound (verb) – aggravate, intensify, increase, make worse.
calendar year (noun) – a period of twelve months starting from January 1 and ending with December 31.
extent (noun) – magnitude; degree, scale, level.
peg (at) (verb) – fix, set, hold, limit (a price, rate, or amount) at a particular level.
headline (adjective) – relating to a rate of inflation based on the consumer price index (CPI).
headline (noun modifier) – relating to the most important of something. (headline number is the number which people see the most in news).
optimistic (adjective) – reassuring, favourable, encouraging, promising, hopeful.
projection (noun) – forecast, prediction, calculation.
Asian Development Bank (ADB) (noun) – The Asian Development Bank (ADB) envisions a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty in the region. Established in 1966, it is owned by 68 members-49 from the region.
slip (verb) – decrease, drop, decline, slump, tumble, plunge, plummet.
emphasise (verb) – call/draw attention to, put stress on, underscore, highlight.
uncertain (adjective) – unpredictable, turbulent, inconstant.
due to (phrase) – because of, owing to, on account of, as a result of.
unprecedented (adjective) – not done or experienced before.
shock (noun) – disturbance causing volatility/uncertainty in an economy.
inflation (noun) – simply meaning “cost of living”; increase of price level of goods & services and vice versa decrease of currency value.
turn out (phrasal verb) – appear, emerge, be present; transpire, happen, occur, come about.
multilateral (adjective) – involving many different countries (in which all WTO member countries are party to the agreement).
Retail or Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation (noun) – The change in the price index of the basket of consumer goods and services over a period of time is referred to as CPI-based inflation or retail inflation.
Wholesale or Wholesale price Index (WPI) inflation (noun) – The change in the price index of the basket of wholesale goods (and no services) over a period of time is referred to as WPI-based inflation or wholesale inflation.
tolerance (noun) – deviation, fluctuation, variation.
threshold (noun) – it is an amount, level, or limit of something. Once the threshold is reached, something else happens or changes; lower limit, starting point, point of entry.
tolerance threshold (noun) – maximum allowable departure/deviation from a standard one.
current account deficit (CAD) (noun) – the amount by which money relating to trade, investment etc going out of a country is more than the amount coming in.
fiscal (noun) – financial (year).
cite (verb) – refer to, make reference to, mention, allude to, adduce, point to.
trajectory (noun) – track/course, route, path, direction, approach.
exacerbate (verb) – increase, raise, aggravate.
likelihood (noun) – chance, possibility, odds, probability.
drag (noun) – handicap, burden, hindrance.
World Trade Organization (WTO) (noun) – an intergovernmental organization that is concerned with the regulation of international trade between nations.
merchandise (noun) – goods, commodities, produce, product.
manifest (verb) – display, show, demonstrate, reveal.
sputter (verb) – proceed unevenly/erratically/irregularly.
corollary (adjective) – associated, accompanying, attendant, supplementary.
heightened (adjective) – intensified, increased, aggravated, worsened, compounded.
unrest (noun) – disruption, agitation, turmoil, disorder, chaos.
strain (verb) – overtax, overwork, overburden, make too many demands on, exert excessively, push to the limit.
breaking point (noun) – extremity, greatest extent, ultimate point, end point, utmost point.
moot (verb) – put forward, introduce, present.
decisive (adjective) – resolute, firm, determined.
central bank (noun) – The banking regulator of a county’s banking system. (e.g. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India).
stem (verb) – stop, halt, restrain, restrict, control, contain, curb.
monetary policy (noun) – monetary policy refers to the use of monetary instruments under the control of the central bank to regulate magnitudes such as interest rates, money supply, and availability of credit with a view to achieving the ultimate objective of economic policy mentioned in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.
tighten (verb) – make stricter, make more rigorous, make more stringent, stiffen, toughen.
debt (noun) – liability, financial obligation, borrowed capital.
distress (noun) – trouble, worry, anxiety, anguish, affliction, misery, despair.
all hands on deck (phrase) – used to say that everyone concerned is needed to participate and help in a particular (difficult) situation.
undivided (adjective) – complete/full, consistent, thorough, concentrated, dedicated.
cope with (verb) – deal with, grapple with, handle/manage.
headwinds (noun) – (in business) situations or conditions that make growth harder/difficult. Whereas tailwinds describe a situation or condition that will move growth, revenues, or profits higher.
smoothen (verb) – deal successfully with (a problem/difficulty).
spur (verb) – stimulate, encourage, prompt, galvanize.
fragile (adjective) – easily broken/destroyed, weak, risky, unreliable, insecure.
math (noun) – calculation, reckoning.
fluctuation (noun) – deviation, variation, instability, unsteadiness.
amid (preposition) – in the middle of, surrounded by; during.
capital movement/flows (noun) – capital flows; when money for investment goes from one country to another.
devise (verb) – formulate, draft, work out, plan, conceive.
scarring (adjective) – damaging, spoiling, distressing, disturbing, upseting.
persist (verb) – continue, carry on, go on, keep going.
as far as (phrase) – to the extent/level/degree/stage that.
dip (verb) – decrease, fall/drop, slump.