The Hindu Editorial (​​Battle for growth) – Mar 04, 2025

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The Hindu Editorial (​​Battle for growth) – Mar 04, 2025:

1. trajectory (noun) – track/course, route, path, direction, approach.
2. government/public expenditure noun) – government spending; state spending.
3. private consumption or consumption expenditure (noun) – the spending by households (consumers) on goods and services, excluding new housing.
4. bode well/ill (verb) – augur, indicate, portend (a good/bad outcome).
5. uptick (noun) – a small increase or upward trend.
6. quarter (noun) – a period of three months (considered as one-fourth of a year).
7. Gross domestic product (GDP) (noun) – a measure of economic activity in a country. It is the total value of a country’s annual output of goods and service.
8. to be sure (phrase) – certainly, undoubtedly.
9. suggest (verb) – indicate, signify, denote, point to.
10. virtually (adverb) – practically, effectively, in effect, actually, in reality.
11. unattainable (adjective) – unreachable, unachievable, unobtainable, unrealistic.
12. given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
13. headwinds (noun) – (in business) situations or conditions that make growth harder/difficult. 
14. lead to (verb) – cause, result in, bring about, give rise to. 
15. imported inflation (noun) – when the general price level rises in a country because of the rise in prices of imported commodities, inflation is termed as “imported inflation”.
16. inflation (noun) – simply meaning “cost of living”; increase of price level of goods & services and vice versa decrease of currency value.
17. amid (preposition) – in the middle of, surrounded by; during.
18. tepid (adjective) – unconcerned, unenthusiastic, uninterested, lukewarm.
19. bulk (noun) – larger part/number; most, lion’s share.
20. bolster (verb) – strengthen, support, make stronger, reinforce, buttress.
21. tertiary (adjective) – third in order or level
22. make up (phrasal verb) – comprise, compose, form, constitute, account for.
23. Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) (noun) – The Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India (CEA) is responsible for providing fresh ideas to bolster growth, investments and limiting fiscal deficit. In his/her role, he/she would be required to share views on key policy matters with the finance minister as well as being the lead author of the Economic Survey, which is the annual report card of the economy that gets tabled in Parliament ahead of the budget.
24. acknowledge (verb) – accept, recognize, realize.
25. ambitious (adjective) – formidable, difficult, challenging, demanding.
26. uncertainty (noun) – unpredictability, unreliability, riskiness/precariousness.
27. sound (verb) – appear, seem, look.
28. optimistic (adjective) – reassuring, favourable, encouraging, promising, hopeful.
29. Kumbh Mela (noun) – The Kumbh Mela, often referred to as the world’s largest religious gathering, is a festival of immense spiritual and cultural significance. It is celebrated in rotation across four cities in India: Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik-Trimbakeshwar. Each site corresponds to a point where, according to mythology, drops of amrita (the nectar of immortality) fell during a celestial battle between the Devas (gods) and Asuras (demons). It is celebrated approximately every 6 years (Ardh Kumbh), 12 years (Poorna Kumbh), and 144 years (Maha Kumbh). The main ritual of Kumbh or Maha Kumbh is snan (ritual bathing), which signifies cleansing or purification.
30. propel (verb) – spur, drive, prompt.
31. spike (noun) – a sharp rise/increase of something.
32. buttress (verb) – strengthen, support, make stronger, reinforce, bolster.
33. vulnerable (adjective) – endangered, unsafe, unprotected, undefended, attackable, defenceless, helpless, powerless.
34. tariff (noun) – a tax imposed by one country on the goods and services imported from another country.
35. shock wave (noun) – a general feeling of blow/upset caused by an unexpected event.
36. pivot (noun) – the central point.
37. potentially (adverb) – certainly, surely, probably, undoubtedly. 
38. bright (noun) – spot a good part/thing. 
39. moderation (noun) – reduction, contraction, lessening, decrease.
40. project (verb) – predict, indicate, forecast, prognose, speculate, calculate (of future events or trends).
41. ease (verb) – decrease, lessen, diminish, reduce, lower.come into question (phrase) – to cause doubts about something
42. National Statistical Office (NSO) (noun) – The Ministry of Statistics and the Department of Programme Implementation has two wings, one relating to Statistics and the other Programme Implementation. The Statistics Wing called the National Statistical Office (NSO) gives considerable importance to coverage and quality aspects of statistics released in the country. The statistics released are based on administrative sources, surveys and censuses conducted by the Center and State Governments and non-official sources and studies.
43. factor in (phrasal verb) – consider, provide (for), allow (for), regard, take into account, anticipate, reckon with, take account of.
44. elaborate (verb) – expand on, add to, supplement, augment, develop, enhance.
45. material (adjective) – significant, important, major, vital, essential.
46. material influence (noun) – the lowest threshold of control; the lowest level of control.
47. go on to (phrasal verb) – continue, carry on, proceed.
48. attribute (verb) – connect with, associate with
49. benchmark (noun) – standard, base/basis, point of reference, criterion, ideal.
50. enable (verb) – make (something) possible; facilitate.
51. informed analysis (noun) – it refers to collecting, organizing, analyzing, and assessing data or information to gain valuable insights and make wise decisions.

Note : 

1. Click each one of the words above for their definition, more synonyms, pronunciation, example sentences, phrases, derivatives, origin and etc. from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/.

2. Definitions (elementary level) & Synonyms provided for the words above are my personal work and not that of Oxford University Press. Tentative definitions/meanings are provided for study purposes only and they may vary in a different context.  

3. This word list is for personal use only. Reproduction in any format and/or Commercial use of it is/are strictly prohibited.

The Hindu Editorial (Battle for growth) – Mar 04, 2025: