The Hindu Editorial (A hurried gamble) – Jan 04, 2021

The stage is set for the biggest vaccine rollout in India’s history with the Drugs Controller General of India formally approving two vaccines for restricted… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (A hurried gamble) – Jan 04, 2021.

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Today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (A hurried gamble) – Jan 04, 2021:

hurried (adjective) – rushed, rash, reckless.
gamble (noun) – risky action, venture, random shot, chance.
vaccine (noun) – a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
transparency (noun) – clarity, straightforwardness, openness, honesty, unambiguity.
opacity (noun) – obscurity, lack of clarity, unclearness.
hesitancy (noun) – reluctance, unwillingness, disinclination.
vaccine hesitancy (noun) – a reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated or to have one’s children vaccinated; reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines.
set the stage for (phrase) – prepare the circumstances for the beginning of something.
rollout (noun) – official launch/introduction.
Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) (noun) – Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) is a department of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) of the Government of India responsible for approval of licences of specified categories of drugs such as vaccines, and etc. in India. Drugs Controller General of India, comes under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. DCGI also sets standards for manufacturing, sales, import, and distribution of drugs in India.
Oxford vaccine/Covishield (noun) – (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) or (AZD1222) is a COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca, UK Ltd. (named Covishield in India). Serum Institute of India (SII), a biotechnology company has partnered with global pharma giant AstraZeneca and Oxford University for this vaccine candidate ‘Covidshield’.
Covaxin (noun) – India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine candidate (COVAXIN) developed by a Hyderabad-based company (Bharat Biotech) in collaboration with the ICMR (The Indian Council of Medical Research).
fray (noun) – competition, contest.
precedent (noun) – model, exemplar, example, pattern; previous example/instance, prior instance.
administer (verb) – inoculate, vaccinate, introduce (with a vaccine to provide immunity against a disease).
from scratch (phrase) – from the very beginning.
pandemic (noun) – the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.
unprecedented (adjective) – not done or experienced before.
establish (verb) – initiate, create/form, set up.
credentials (noun) – identities, qualities, achievements, aspects.
efficacy (noun) – In medicine, the ability of an intervention (for example, a drug or surgery) to produce the desired beneficial effect; effectiveness, efficiency, power.
side-step (verb) – avoid, evade/dodge, escape.
double-blind (adjective) – relating to a method of research in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment.
phase 3 trial (noun) – In the phase 3 trial, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.
phase 2 trial (noun) – In the phase 2 trial, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.
phase 1 trial (noun) – In phase 1 trial of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.
human trial (noun) – a type of research that studies new tests and treatments and evaluates their effects on human health outcomes; clinical trial.
volunteer (noun) – participant.
arm (noun) – branch, sector, division.
foundation (noun) – basis, cornerstone, core.
evidence-based (adjective) – relating to a conscientious (thorough &careful), problem-solving approach to clinical practice that incorporates the best evidence from well-designed studies, patient values and preferences, and a clinician’s expertise in making decisions about a patient’s care.
leading (adjective) – most important, main, essential.
candidate vaccine or vaccine candidate (noun) – a “potential” vaccine prepared in the research and development (R&D) centres and it can be used in human clinical trials.
candidate vaccine BNT162b2 (noun) – mRNA-based vaccine candidate produced by Pfizer and BioNTech.
candidate vaccine mRNA-1273 (noun) – mRNA-1273 is an an mRNA vaccine candidate which was co-developed by Moderna and investigators from NIAID’s Vaccine Research Center.
make public (phrase) – announce, communicate, make known, disseminate.
at least (phrase) – at the minimum.
go-ahead (noun) – approval, permission, consent, licence.
regulator (noun) – an association that supervises a particular business activity.
furnish (verb) – provide, give, make available.
recruit (verb) – enrol, employ, take on (as a volunteer for the vaccine trial).
attest (verb) – state, claim, affirm, announce, declare.
evoke (verb) – invoke, cause, give rise to, bring forth.
intervention (noun) – In medicine, a treatment, procedure, or other action taken to prevent or treat disease, or improve health in other ways.
convalescent (adjective) – recuperating, recovering, improving, getting better.
convalescent plasma therapy (noun) – it outlines the steps required to collect convalescent whole blood or plasma from COVID-19 disease recovered patients for transfusion to patients with early symptoms, as an empirical (observed) treatment modality (a particular method).
slew of (noun) – a large number of, lot, range.
idealized (adjective) – considered as better than in reality.
measurably (adverb) – appreciably, noticeably, significantly, visibly.
dose (noun) – an amount/quantity of something.
given (preposition) – considering, taking into account, bearing in mind.
pace (noun) – speed, rapidity, quickness.
potential (adjective) – possible.
pool (noun) – a group of people available for work (when needed as a resource).
much more (phrase) – a lot more.
mere (adjective) – minimal.
authorisation (noun) – approval, sanction, permission, consent, clearance.
hurry (verb) – hasten, rush, press on, push on.
mark (verb) – indicate, represent, signify, signalize.
strategy (noun) – plan of action (in order to achieve a more expansive set of political, economic, and security interests).
distrust (noun) – mistrust, suspicion, lack of trust.
in spite of (phrase) – despite, notwithstanding, regardless of.
vaccination (noun) – treatment with a vaccine to protect against a particular disease; immunization.
grave (adjective) – crucial/critical, important/significant, serious.
neglect (verb) – disregard, ignore, pay no attention to.
peril (noun) – dangers, difficulties, risks.