The Hindu Editorial (Freedom in authority) – Jan 06, 2023

In a recent verdict, the Supreme Court has shown sound restraint while examining the issue of misuse of free speech, especially by political functionaries holding public office… For further reading, visit “The Hindu”. Below is today’s word list-1 for The Hindu Editorial (Freedom in authority) – Jan 06, 2023.

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The Hindu Editorial (Freedom in authority) – Jan 06, 2023:

free speech (noun) – the right to express one’s opinions publicly (without any restraint).
add to (phrasal verb) – increase, intensify, heighten, enhance.
curb (noun) – restriction, restraint, control, limitation.
value (verb) – think much of, think highly of, attach importance to, consider something to be important.
restraint (noun) – control, self-control, self-discipline, lack of emotion.
sound (adjective) – reasonable, logical, reliable, sensible, credible.
functionary (noun) – official, office-bearer, administrator, office-holder.
hold (verb) – occupy, have, be in (a position).
public office (noun) – government office; a position of authority or service (within the government).
credit (noun) – praise, commendation, acclaim, acknowledgement, admiration, kudos.
bench (noun) – a court of law with a number of judges.
Constitution Bench (noun) – a bench of the Supreme Court having five or more judges on it. These benches are not a routine phenomenon. Constitution Benches are exceptions, set up only if some circumstances exist). (A bench of two or three judges is called a division bench).
adventurous (adjective) – risky, dangerous, perilous, precarious.
scope (noun) – extend, range, purview, sweep, ambit, limit.
spell out (phrasal verb) – explain, make clear, elucidate/clarify.
context (noun) – circumstances, conditions, situation.
rash (adjective) – reckless, hasty, ill-considered, unthinking.
intemperate (adjective) – immoderate, inordinate, unwarranted, unreasonable, unjustifiable.
carve out (phrasal verb) – create, establish, take out (something with effort).
the state (noun) – the government.
vicariously (adverb) – indirectly; in a way that something is performed, exercised, received, or suffered in place of another.
liable (adjective) – responsible, accountable, answerable.
evolve (verb) – develop, progress, advance.
code of conduct (noun) – a set of rules outlining the norms, rules, and responsibilities or proper practices of an individual party or an organization.
enforceable (adjective) – executable, binding, applicable, implementable, feasible, mandatory.
sign off (phrasal verb) – conclude something (a message/opinion); to announce the end of something.
ground (noun) – reason.
Article 19(2) of the Constitution of India (noun) – It authorizes the government to impose, by law, reasonable restrictions upon the freedom of speech and expression “in the interests of public order”.
exhaustive (adjective) – comprehensive, all-inclusive, all-embracing, thoroughgoing, in-depth, thorough, complete.
fiat (noun) – an arbitrary order, resolution, ruling, rule, ordinance.
notion (noun) – idea, belief, concept, conception, conviction, opinion, view, thought.
collective (adjective) – combined, united/joint, cooperative (by all people as a group).
liability (noun) – (legal) accountability, responsibility, legal responsibility, answerability (for one’s acts or omissions).
attribute (verb) – ascribe, connect with, associate with; hold responsible for.
vicarious (adjective) – indirect; performed, exercised, received, or suffered in place of someone else/another.
affairs (noun) – concern, matter, problem, headache, worry.
academic (adjective) – notional, conceptual, unpragmatic, speculative.
indeed (adverb) – in fact, actually, undeniably.
take note of (phrase) – pay attention, take heed, heed, follow.
apprehension (noun) – doubt, misgiving, disquiet, concern.
injustice (noun) – lack of justice, unfairness, misdeed, unjust/unfair act.
occasional (adjective) – periodic, sometime
utmost (adjective) – greatest, maximum, most extreme (effort).
utterance (noun) – comment, remark, statement.
tend to (verb) – be likely, be liable, be prone.
influence (verb) – affect, have an effect on; induce, tempt, prompt.
in the course of – (phrase) – during (the particular time/activity).
restate (verb) – repeat, say again, reiterate.
tort (noun) – breach, violation, offence, wrongdoing.
civil wrong (noun) – an infringement/violation of a person’s rights, particularly a tort.
actionable (adjective) – unlawful, wrongful, unconstitutional, improper.
go against (phrasal verb) – oppose, object, reject, negate.
Part III Rights/Fundamental Rights (noun) – The Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians and prevent the State from encroaching an individual’s liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens’ rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
on the other hand (phrase) – as an alternative, as another option.
hold (verb) – have, be of, think, consider.
framework (noun) – structure, system, organization.
act of omission and commission (phrase) – act of omission and commission are, respectively, things someone failed to do, and things someone has done.
omission (noun) – negligence, carelessness, disregard, oversight.
amount to (verb) – be equal to, be equivalent to, be tantamount to, represent.
actor (noun) – participants (in an action).
welcome (adjective) – pleasing, agreeable, heartening, promising, much needed.
vertical (adjective) – hierarchical; arranged in a hierarchy (different levels/ranks).
horizontal (adjective) – equal (across all).